Department of Electrical Engineering
College of Engineering Trivandrum


Faculty Profile

Dr. Harikumar R.

Associate Professor

Phone: 9446707870
Email: harikumar@cet.ac.in

Qualifications

 

B.E – Electrical and Electronics Engg. (MIT Manipal)
M. Tech – Power Systems Engineering (National Institute of Engineering, Mysore)
Ph.D - Power System - University of Kerala

Area of Interest

 

Microgrid, Digital Signal Processing, IoT, Cloud Computing, SCADA

Professional Experience

 

1. ASSOCiATE PROFESSOR, June 2018- PRESENT,Department of EE, CET

2. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, July 2016-May 2018,Department of EE, CET

3. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, June 2011-July 2016, Department of EEE, Government Engineering College Painavu, Idukki

4. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, June 2008-May 2011, Department of EE, CET

5. LECTURER, July 2006-June 2008, Department of EEE, Lourdes Matha College of Science and Technology Kuttichal, Thiruvananthapuram

6. LECTURER, July 2002-August 2004, Department of EEE, Caarmel Engineering College Ranni, Perunad, Kerala

7. SOFTWARE PROGRAMMER, January 2000-May 2002, Kott Software Services Kochi, Kerala

8. SENiOR ENGiNEER TECHNiCAL, August 1995 -May 1999, Adtech Systems Limited Chennai

Awards and Recognitions

 

1. Best Paper Award,2014 IEEE International CONFERENCE ON Circuits, POWER AND Computing Technologies (ICCPCT 2014)

2. Best Teacher Award, 2011 2012 GOVERNMENT Engineering COLLEGE, Painavu, Idukki, KERALA, India.

3. First Rank And Gold In M.Tech. Power Systems (2006), Visveswaraya Technological University, BELGAUM, KARNATAKA, India.

4. Outstanding IEEE Student Branch Counsellor - Special Mention ( 2023), IEEE Kerala Section).

Recently taught courses

 

Solar and Wind Power Conversion Systems, Discrete Time Control Systems, Circuits and Networks

Expert Lectures Delivered

 
  1. Introduction to Distributed Energy Resources and Microgrid, Short Term Training Program on "Smart Grid Technology" Organized by: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mar Baselios College of Engineering and Technology Mar Ivanios Vidyana gar, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during 17 22 April, 2023
  2. Outcome based Education and Attainment Calculation, Workshop organized by Nirmalagiri College, Nirmalagiri, Kuthuparamba, Kannur District, Nirmalagiri, Kerala 670701 on 28 March 2023
  3. Model Based Design of Embedded Systems Using Matlab , Workshop organized by IEEE PES Student Branch, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala on 25 March 2023
  4. Outcome Based Education and Attainment Calculation for PG, Workshop Organized by IQAC, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala on 21 March 2023
  5. Using Computers and Smart Phones Effectively Workshop on "Technology Awareness for Women" Organized by: IEEE EdSoc (WiE) and IEEE PES Student Branch, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during 20 22 February 2023
  6. Advanced LaTeX Workshop Organized by IEEE PES SBC and WiP IEEE PES SBC, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala on 12 February 2023
  7. Basics of LaTeX, Workshop Organized by IEEE PES SBC and WiP IEEE PES SBC, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala on 07 February 2023
  8. Implementation of Digital Controllers for Power Converters FDP on "Hands on Training on Design of Power Electronics Systems" Sponsored by: APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (KTU) Organized by: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal Institute for Science & Technology (FISAT), Angamaly, Kerala during 30 32 January and 01 February 2023
  9. Introduction to Smart Grid and Energy Systems, FDP on "Integration of Renewable Energy Sources in Smart Grid" Sponsored by: APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (KTU) Organized by: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, St. Thomas Institute for Science & Technology, Kazhakoottam Thycadu Road, Kattaikonam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during 24 26 August 2022
  10. Using Computers and Mobile Phones One Day "Women Enpowerment Workshop for Housewives" Organized by: IEEE Educational Society Kerala Chapter in collaboration with Department of Electrical Engineering and IEEE SB College of Engineering Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala on 6 August 2022
  11. Outcome Based Education and Attainment Calculation One Days Workshop at Kerala State Institute of Design, Chandanathope, Kollam, Kerala, India., 26 July 2022
  12. Outcome Based Education Two Days Workshop at Rajadhani Institute of Hotel Management and Catering Technology, Attingal, Nagaroor, Kerala, India, 24 25 June 2022
  13. Outcome Based Education and Attainment Calculation Two Days Workshop at College of Engineering Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, 20 21 April 2022
  14. NBA Accreditation, Three Days Workshop at Government Engineering College, Bartonhill, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, 20 21 April 2022
  15. Programming Real Time Controllers with MATLAB/Simulink Two Days Workshop at Government Engineering College, Bartonhill, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, 01 02 October 2021
  16. Digital Signal Processors An Overview & Controller Implementation and PWM Generation Using C2000 Processors FDP on "Power Converters An Embedded System Approach" Sponsored by: APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (KTU) Organized by: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Federal Institute of Science And Technology (FISAT), Angamaly, Kerala during 22 28 July 2021
  17. Energy Management and Control of Microgrid with Energy Storage System FDP on "Role of Energy storage system in Microgrid and Electric Vehicle" Organized by: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, during 22 26 March 2021
  18. Outcome Based Education One Days Workshop at Lal Bahadur Shastri College of Engineering, Muliyar P.O., Kasaragod, Kerala, India, 26 February 2021
  19. Introduction to Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Systems FDP on "Performance Improvement in Smart Grid using Artificial Intelligence Techniques" Sponsored by: The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) Organized by: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mar Baselios College of Engineering and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during 23 28 November 2020
  20. Outcome Based Education One day Workshop on at Mohandas College of Engineering and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 03 January 2020
  21. Introduction to Matlab Programing Two Days Workshop at Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 17 18 August 2019
  22. PSO and its Applications in Controller Design FDP on "Modern Trends in Power Electronics and Drives" Sponsored by: The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) Organized by: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum during 01 14 July 2019
  23. Introduction to Microgrid and Smart Grid and its Control Strategies FDP on "Distributed Generation and Smart Grids-DSG'18" Organized by: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mar Baselios College of Engineering & Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala during 30 July to 1 August 2018
  24. Micro Grid and its control & Smart Grid Communication Infra Structure FDP on "Distributed Generation and Smart Grid" Organized by: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Federal Institute of Science And Technology (FISAT), Angamaly, Kerala during 27 28 July 2018
  25. Distributed Generation and Smart Grid FDP on "Power Quality and Smart Grids" Organized by: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bishop Jerome Institute, Kollam, Kerala during 18 19 July 2018
  26. Smart grid and IoT FDP on "Hands on Workshop on Internet of Things" Sponsored by: APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (KTU) Organized by: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum during 16 21 July 2018
  27. Simulation of Power Electronic Circuits/Drives and Rapid Control Prototyping FDP on "Recent Trends in Power Electronics and Drives" Sponsored by: APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (KTU) Organized by: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum during 18 22 June 2018
  28. Advanced Control Systems One Day Visiting Faculty Programme at Rajadhani Institute of Engineering Technology Attingal, Thiruvananthapuram
  29. MATLAB Based Applications in Power Electronics and Control Systems One Day Workshop at Providence College of Engineering, Chengannur, 25 January 2018
  30. Renewable Energy Technologies Training Programme on "Renewable Energy Grid Connecting Regulation" for SE/AEE/AE Organized by: Regional Power Training Institute(RPTI),Kerala State Electricity Board Limited, Kerala during 22 23 December 2017
  31. Control of an Electric Drive Using dSPACE (Hardware Implementation) STTP on "Control of Drives for Robots and Automobiles" Sponsored by: Directorate of Technical Education Kerala (DTE) Organized by: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum during 23 27 November 2015
     

Other Responsibilities

 
  1. Internal Quality Assurance Cell (IQAC) Co coordinator, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, Since June 2021.
  2. AICTE Student Learning Assessment Project (PARAKH) Coordinator, College of Engineering Trivandrum,Thiruvananthapuram, Since January 2023.
  3. Stream Head, Control Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum since July, 2022
  4. IEEE Student Branch Counsellor, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, Since September 2022.
  5. IEEE Power and Energy Society Student Branch Chapter Advisor, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, Since June 2022.
  6. Publication Chair, "2023 International Conference on Control, Communication and Computing (ICCC)", Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, during 19 21 May, 2023
  7. Reviewer, "2023 European Control Conference (ECC) ", Bucharest, Romania, during 13 16 June, 2023
  8. Reviewer, International Conference on "Next Generation Intelligent Systems (ICNGIS 2022)", Virtual Conference Organized by Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, Kerala, India, during 29 31 July, 2022
  9. Reviewer, 2022 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Informatics,Communication and Energy Systems (IEEE SPICES 2022), Organized by Mar Baselios College of Engineering and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, during 10 12 March, 2022
  10. Technical Advisor, for the project titled "Development and Improvement of Solar On grid Inverter" of Agency for New and Renewable Energy Research and Technology Kerala (ANERT) since February 2022
  11. Technical Chair, 1st National Conference on "Innovations in Renewable Energy Technologies", Organized by Marian Engineering College, Thiruvananthapuram on 11th and 12th of June 2021
  12. Session Chair, International Conference on "Power and Energy (PECon 2021)", Organized by Federal Institute of Science And Technology, Angamaly, Kerala during February 1 3, 2021.
  13. Reviewer, International Conference on "Power and Energy (PECon 2021)", Organized by Federal Institute of Science And Technology, Angamaly, Kerala during February 1 3, 2021.
  14. Technical Committee Member & Reviewer, 2020 IEEE International Conference on "Power Electronics, Smart Grid, and Renewable Energy (PESGRE 2020)" held in Cochin, Kerala, India, during 2 to 4 January 2020
  15. Department Quality Assurance Cell (DQAC) Coordinator, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, from January 2018 May 2021.
  16. Member, Industrial Training, Consultancy & Sponsored Research (ITC&SR), College of Engineering Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, Since 2017.
  17. Technical Committee Member, for the Evaluation of Various Projects at Energy Management Center (EMC), Kerala, India
  18. State Level Evaluator , Young Innovators Programme 2020 (YIP 2020), Kerala Development and Innovation Strategic Council (K DISC), Government of Kerala
  19. Evaluator , Young Innovators Programme 2021 (YIP 2021), Kerala Development and Innovation Strategic Council (K DISC), Government of Kerala
  20. Research Guide, APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University, Kerala, India
     

Important Publications

 
  1. K. Jithin, N. Mayadevi, R. H. Kumar and V. P. Mini, "Stability Analysis of DC Microgrid Clusters Based on Step-by-Step System Matrix Building Algorithm," in Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, doi: 10.35833/MPCE.2023.000054.
  2. A Hybrid Fault Detection and Diagnosis Algorithm for Five-Phase PMSM Drive, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Vol. 48, no. 3, pp 6507- 6519(2022)(SCIE)
  3. K. Jithin, P. P. Haridev, N. Mayadevi, R. P. Harikumar and V. P. Mini, "A Review on Challenges in DC Microgrid Planning and Implementation," in Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 1375-1395, September 2023, doi: 10.35833/MPCE.2022.000053. (SCIE)
  4. R. Hari Kumar, N. Mayadevi, V. P. Mini , and P. S. Shenil, "A Robust Technique for Detection, Diagnosis, and Localization of Switching Faults in Elec tric Drives using Discrete Wavelet Transform", International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation, vol. 13, no. 1, 2023, pp. 14-27. (SCOPUS)
  5. A. G. Anu, B. V. Annie, R. Hari Kumar, and S. Ushakumari, "Battery and supercapacitor assisted controller for stability enhancement of DC microgrid", International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, 2022; vol 50, no.12, pp 4357-4375. (SCIE)
  6. A. G. Anu, R. Hari Kumar, and S. Ushakumari, "A Shunt DC Electric Spring Based Control Strategy for Real Time Critical and Non critical Load Management in DC Microgrid", International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems,John Wiley Sons Ltd, vol. 2022, pp 1 12, May 2022.
  7. A. G. Anu, R. Hari Kumar, and S. Ushakumari, "Control and Power Management Strategy for Shunt DC Electric Spring Integrated DC Microgrid", International Journal Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal, vol. 37, no. 05, pp. 1371-1394, May 2022.(SCOPUS)
  8. R. Hari Kumar, N. Mayadevi, V. P. Mini, and S. Ushakumari, "Transforming distribution system into a sustainable isolated microgrid considering contingency, "Bulletin of The Polish Academy of Sciences-technical Sciences, vol. 67, pp. 871-881, 2019. (SCIE Indexed)
  9. Mayadevi, N., V. P. Mini, R. Hari Kumar, and Shruti Prins. "Fuzzy-based intelligent algorithm for diagnosis of drive faults in induction motor drive system," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol.45, no. 3 (2020), pp1385-1395.
  10. R. Hari Kumar , and S. Ushakumari, "A Novel Control Strategy for Autonomous Operation of Isolated Microgrid with Prioritized Loads", Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B, vol. 99, pp. 323-330, August 2018.
  11. A. G. Anu, R. Hari Kumar and S. Ushakumari, "Power Quality Enhancement of DC Microgrid Using DC Electric Spring", Springer Lecture notes in Electrical Engineering Advances in Smart Grid Technology, vol.1, pp. 137-148, September 2020.
  12. R. Hari Kumar and S. Ushakumari, "Comparison of Binary Optimization Techniques for Real Time Management of Sustainable Autonomous Microgrid", Springer Lecture notes in Computer Science, vol.9937, pp. 446-456, September 2016.
  13. R. Hari Kumar and S. Ushakumari, "A Novel Architecture for Data Management and Control in Autonomous Intelligent Microgrid", Procedia Computer Science, vol.89, pp. 412-421, August 2016.
  14. Amal Krishna T. S., and Hari Kumar R, "Fault Detection and Classification for DC Microgrid using Binary Classification Models", 2023 International Conference on Control, Communication and Computing (ICCC 2023), pp. 19 21, May 2023.
  15. Sreedevi G., and Hari Kumar R., "Frequency Stability Enhancement in Solar PV System using Fractional Order Controllers", 2023 International Conference on Control, Communication and Computing (ICCC 2023), pp. 19 21, May 2023.
  16. Monish M. and Hari Kumar R., "A Multi Objective Particle Swarm Optimization based Current Control and Torque Control for 8/6 Switched Reluctance Motor", 2023 International Conference on Control, Communication and Computing (ICCC 2023), pp. 19 21, May 2023.
  17. Najma Farsana, Baby Sebastian, Lal Priya P. S., and Hari Kumar R., "Fault Tolerant Model Reference Adaptive Controller for Launch Vehicle Electromechanical Actuation System", 2023 International Conference on Control, Communication and Computing (ICCC 2023), pp. 19 21, May 2023.
  18. Aneesh Rajendran, Sarath Krishnan, Hany S. F., Guruprasad A., and R. Hari Kumar, "A Review on the Prospects of Electric Vehicles to Improve the Dynamics of Renewable Energy Rich Power System", International Conference on Energy and Environment ICEE 2021, 09 10 April 2021
  19. A. Rajendran and R. Hari Kumar, "Optimal Placement of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Utility Grid A Case Study of Kerala State Highway Network", 2022 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid, and Renewable Energy (PESGRE 2022), pp. 1 6, January 2022.
  20. P. T. Seenath Beevi, R. Hari Kumar, and M. L. Aravind, "Smart Grid and Utility Challenges", 6th International Conference and Exhibition on Smart Grids and Smart Cities,New Delhi, India, 03 07 March 2020
  21. Vijay, Lavina S., V. P. Mini, N. Mayadevi, and R. Harikumar. "Design and development of the main drive circuit of a PMSM based floating waste collecting electric vehicle for marine ecosystem, in 2022 Third International Conference on Intelligent Computing Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT), pp. 1065-1069. IEEE, 2022.
  22. Simon, Amal P., Mini VP, Hari Kumar R., and N. Mayadevi. "Design of Energy Efficient Solar Powered Electric Boat." in 2022 Third International Conference on Intelligent Computing Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT), pp. 991-995. IEEE, 2022.
  23. Nikhila, M. P., V. P. Mini, R. Harikumar, and N. Mayadevi. "Performance Enhancement of Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Electric Vehicle." in 2022 Second International Conference on Power, Control and Computing Technologies (ICPC2T), pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2022.
  24. Jithin, K., R. Harikumar, N. Mayadevi, and V. P. Mini. "A centralized control algorithm for power management in interconnected dc microgrids." in Proceedings of Symposium on Power Electronic and Renewable Energy Systems Control, pp. 451-461. Springer, Singapore, 2021.
  25. Jithin, K., N. Mayadevi, and R. Hari Kumar. "The Effect of Multiple PV and Battery Penetration on Stability of DC Microgrid with Single Bus Topology." in 2021 9th IEEE International Conference on Power Systems (ICPS), pp. 1-5. IEEE, 2021.
  26. Sabna, M., V. P. Mini, S. Ushakumari, N. Mayadevi, R. Harikumar, and G. Vijayasree. "Inter Turn Short Circuit Fault Analysis of Five-Phase PMSM." In 2021 IEEE 4th International Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies (GUCON), pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2021.
  27. Rizwin, M. Y., N. Mayadevi, V. P. Mini, R. Hari Kumar, and Saina Deepthi. "IOT- Enabled Economic Planning of a Solar PV System for Long-Term Horizon Under Demand and Climatic Scenario." In Advances in Automation, Signal Processing, Instrumentation, and Control, pp. 1749-1763. Springer, Singapore, 2021.
  28. Anoop, G. L., V. P. Mini, R. Harikumar, and N. Mayadevi. "Thermal analysis of squirrel cage Induction Motor." In 2020 International Conference on Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Applications (PEREA), pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2020.
  29. Rizwin, M. Y., Hari R. Kumar, N. Mayadevi, and V. P. Mini. "Interharmonics Mitigation in Grid-connected Solar PV Systems with P&O MPPT Algorithm." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES), pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2020.
  30. Hridya, C. K., R. Hari Kumar, and N. Mayadevi. "Wireless bidirectional power transfer with maximum efficiency point tracking control in electric vehicles." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (PESGRE2020), pp. 1-7. IEEE, 2020.
  31. Akhil, R. S., V. P. Mini, N. Mayadevi, and R. Harikumar. "Modified flux- weakening control for electric vehicle with PMSM drive."IFAC-PapersOnLine-53, no. 1 (2020): 325-331.
  32. Reddy, GV Somanath, V. P. Mini, N. Mayadevi, and R. Hari Kumar. "Optimal energy sharing in smart DC microgrid cluster." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (PESGRE2020), pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2020.
  33. G. V. Somanath Reddy, V. P. Mini, N. Mayadevi and R. Hari Kumar, "Optimal Energy Sharing in Smart DC Microgrid Cluster," 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (PESGRE2020), Cochin, India, January 2020.
  34. Rizwin Yosuf, Harikumar R., Mayadevi N., Mini V. P. and Saina Deepthi, "IOT Enabled Economic Planning of a Solar PV System for Long Term Horizon Under Demand and Climatic Scenario," The International Conference on Automation, Signal Processing, Instrumentation and Control (i'CASIC 2020), Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, February 2020.
  35. Sajitha, G., N. Mayadevi, V. P. Mini, and R. Harikumar. "Fault-Tolerant Control of BLDC Motor Drive for Electric Vehicle Applications." In 2019 International Conference on Power Electronics Applications and Technology in Present Energy Scenario (PETPES), pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2019.
  36. Kumar, R. Hari, V. P. Mini, and N. Mayadevi. "Fuzzy Intelligent System for Detection of Multiple Switch Open Fault in Induction Motor Drive System." In 2019 IEEE 4th International Conference on Condition Assessment Techniques in Electrical Systems (CATCON), pp. 1-5. IEEE, 2019.
  37. Mini, V. P., N. Mayadevi, Hari Kumar, and S. Ushakumari. "A novel algorithm for detection and diagnosis of switching faults of three phase induction motor drive system." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES), pp. 1-4. IEEE, 2018.
  38. Prins, Shruti, V. P. Mini, N. Mayadevi, and R. Harikumar. "Detection of broken rotor bars using multilevel wavelet decomposition." In 2018 2nd International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI), pp. 621-626. IEEE, 2018.
  39. Arya, K., V. P. Mini, N. Mayadevi, and R. Harikumar. "Power quality enhancement of VSI fed induction motor drive." In 2018 International CET Conference on Control, Communication, and Computing (IC4), pp. 28-32. IEEE, 2018.
  40. Harikumar R., Mayadevi N., V. P. Mini and Ushakumari S. "A Laboratory Scale Test-Bed for Demonstrating and Validating Smart Grid Concepts," in Proc. the IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Dives, and Energy Systems 2018 (PEDES 2018), IIT Madras, Chennai, India, December 2018.
  41. Mini, V. P., N. Mayadevi, R. Hari Kumar, and Chikku Gopal. "High power factor VSI fed induction motor drive." In 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT), pp. 665-672. IEEE, 2017.
  42. Anju, V., N. Mayadevi, R. Harikumar, and C. S. Kavitha. "Adaptive observer based actuator fault estimation in launch vehicle." In 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT), pp. 742-747. IEEE, 2017.